Cells Cheat Sheet

Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of the cell; controls what enters and exits.

Example: Like a gatekeeper, the cell membrane allows nutrients in and waste out.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance inside the cell where organelles are located.

Example: Imagine the cytoplasm as the 'soup' inside the cell, holding all the ingredients (organelles).

Nucleus

The control center of the cell; contains DNA.

Example: The nucleus is like the brain of the cell, directing all activities.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP).

Example: Mitochondria are like tiny energy factories within the cell.

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste.

Example: Plant cells have a large central vacuole to store water.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simple cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Example: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Example: Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells.

Plant Cells

Eukaryotic cells with chloroplasts and a cell wall.

Example: Plant cells can perform photosynthesis.

Animal Cells

Eukaryotic cells without chloroplasts or a cell wall.

Example: Animal cells cannot perform photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking down glucose to release energy (ATP).

Example: Cells use oxygen to break down sugar and release energy.

Photosynthesis

The process of using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Example: Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food.

Cell Division (Mitosis)

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Example: Mitosis is important for growth and repair.